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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the imaging and clinical characteristics and related risk factors of patients with coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study enrolled 603 patients with angiography evidenced myocardial bridging-mural coronary artery between May 2004 to May 2009. Angiographic and clinic data were collected according to uniform protocol and standard questionnaires were used to obtain patients' demographic and clinical information. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to explore related risk factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Chest pain was present in 247 cases (41.0%). Dynamic ST-T changes were found in 229 cases (38%). A total of 644 myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries were detected including 382 (62.4%) segments located proximally to myocardial bridging. Diastolic vessel diameters in the myocardial bridging segment were significantly smaller than reference segments (all P < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggested that vascular bifurcation lesions, the degree of narrowing and the number of diseased coronary vessels of non- myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries, age, LDL-C/HDL-C, male gender, diabetes, and systolic narrow rate of myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries were positively related with the narrowing degree of the first coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Vascular bifurcation lesions, the degree of narrowing and the number of diseased coronary vessels of non- myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries, age, LDL-C/HDL-C, male, diabetes and dyslipidemia were positively related with the narrowing degree of the most severe coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Myocardial ischemia is common in patients with myocardial bridging and the artery segments located proximally to myocardial bridging are prone to stenosis. Systolic narrow rate of myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries is one of major determinants of coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging. Whereas the other coronary heart disease risk factors are likely to play more important roles.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Stenosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Myocardial Bridging , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To study the application of statistics on Chronic-diseases-relating observational research papers which were recently published in the Chinese Medical Association Magazines,with influential index above 0.5.Methods Using a self-developed criterion,two investigators individually participated in assessing the application of statistics on Chinese Medical Association Magazines,with influential index above 0.5.Different opinions reached an agreement through discussion.Results A total number of 352 papers from 6 magazines,including the Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,Chinese Journal of Oncology,Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine,Chinese Journal of Cardiology,Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine and Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism,were reviewed.The rate of clear statement on the following contents as:research objectives,t target audience,sample issues,objective inclusion criteria and variable definitions were 99.43％,98.57％,95.43％,92.86％ and 96.87％.The correct rates of description on quantitative and qualitative data were 90.94％ and 91.46％,respectively.The rates on correctly expressing the results,on statistical inference methods related to quantitative,qualitative data and modeling were 100％,95.32％ and 87.19％,respectively.89.49％ of the conclusions could directly response to the research objectives.However,69.60％ of the papers did not mention the exact names of the study design,statistically,that the papers were using.11.14％ of the papers were in lack of further statement on the exclusion criteria.Percentage of the papers that could clearly explain the sample size estimation only taking up as 5.16％.Only 24.21％ of the papers clearly described the variable value assignment.Regarding the introduction on statistical conduction and on database methods,the rate was only 24.15％.18.75％ of the papers did not express the statistical inference methods sufficiently.A quarter of the papers did not use ‘ standardization' appropriately.As for the aspect of statistical inference,the rate of description on statistical testing prerequisite was only 24.12％ while 9.94％ papers did not even employ the statistical inferential method that should be used.Conclusion The main deficiencies on the application of Statistics used in papers related to Chronic-diseases-related observational research were as follows:lack of sample-size determination,variable value assignment description not sufficicnt,methods on statistics were not introduced clearly or properly,lack of consideration for pre-requisition regarding the use of statistical inferences.
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Objective To study the prevalence rates of knowledge,attitudes and use of the nutrition labeling and related influential factors in Hangzhou supermarket consumers.Methods Using a self-developed survey questionnaire,randomly selected customers were conducted a face-toface interview program in a large supermarket of Hangzhou city.Results 586 people were interviewed,including 202 males and 384 females,with the mean age as 41.6±17.23 years.The Facts Labels'were as follows:dietary fiber(71.84%),fat(70.99%),calcium(60.75%),salt (58.36%),energy(50.85%)and sugar(39.42%).The support rates of the three attitudes indicators were"support marking the Nutrition Facts Label"(90.44%)."support marking the nutrition claims"(87.03%)and"want to know more relative knowledge"(77.13%).There were 58.36% and 80.03%first-time buyers who would read the Nutrition Facts Food Labels and the Nutrition Claims.Through logistic model analysis,male,youth,low-educated people were found to be the risk factors related to the nutrition label reading behavior.Conclusion The capacity of the reading,understanding and correct application of nutrition labeling among consumers was not satisfactory.Improvement on the readability and the authority of nutrition labeling and the development of the national nutrition knowledge and health education programs were in urgent needs.
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Experimental studies with only one intervention are not always sufficient for health care issnes, while the method of complex intervention is more useful. But the complex intervention is more complicated and needs carefully design and evaluation. This article will introduce the framework for design and evaluation of complex intervention and the revised version made by Medical Research Council, with five examples showing its application.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of simvastatin combined with omega-3 fatty acids on high sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP), lipidemia, and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, double-blind placebo controlled and parallel group trial was conducted. Patients with CHD and CHD risk equivalents with mixed dyslipidemia were treated with 10 or 20 mg simvastatin for 6-12 weeks. Following with the treatment of patients whose low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) reaching goal level (< 100 mg/dL) or close to the goal (< 130 mg/dL), while triglyceride (TG) > or = 200 mg/dL and < 500 mg/dL, was combined with omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d) or a placebo for 2 months. The effects of the treatment on HsCRP, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-ch, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch), TG, lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)], apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) were investigated. Forty patients finished the study with each group consisting of twenty patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There were significant reductions of HsCRP, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-ch, which decreased by 2.16 +/- 2.77 mg/L (38.5%), 94.0 +/- 65.4 mg/dL (31.1%), 13.3 +/- 22.3 mg/dL (6.3%), 0.78 +/- 1.60 respectively in the omega-3 fatty acids group (P < 0.01, < 0.001, < 0.05, < 0.05) compared to the baseline. HsCRP and triglyceride reduction were more significant in omega-3 fatty acids group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.021 and 0.011 respectively). (2) In the omega-3 fatty acids group, the values and percentage of TG reduction had a significantly positive relation with HsCRP reduction (r = 0.51 and 0.45, P = 0.021 and 0.047 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In CHD and CHD risk equivalent patients with mixed dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia's therapeutic effect using simvastatin and omega-3 fatty acids may result from not only the combination of lipid adjustment, but also enhancement of their own nonlipid influences.</p>